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https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RFeCY_Kpc5dr9gTj1QOIiIuaSiNyeXg_/view?usp=sharing The document provides a detailed summary of algorithms, including their definition, specification, performance analysis, and various design techniques like Divide and Conquer, with specific examples such as Binary Search, Merge Sort, and Quick Sort. 1. Algorithm Fundamentals Definition and Criteria:  An algorithm is defined as a finite sequence of instructions, each with a clear meaning, that terminates after a finite number of steps. Every algorithm must satisfy the following criteria: Input (zero or more externally supplied quantities), Output (at least one produced quantity), Definiteness (clear and unambiguous instructions), Finiteness (terminates after a finite number of steps for all cases), and Effectiveness (basic and feasible instructions). Algorithm Specification:  Algorithms can be described in three ways: Natural language like English, ensuring each statement is definite. Graphic...