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This document, covering the Application Layer of computer networks, introduces several fundamental Internet services and protocols essential for modern communication and data exchange. It begins with the Domain Name System (DNS), explaining its distributed, hierarchical structure used to translate domain names into IP addresses, contrasting it with the older, centralized
Key application layer protocols are also covered. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is presented as the communication guideline for transmitting email over the Internet, outlining its components and working mechanism. The World Wide Web (WWW) is defined as a collection of linked documents and resources identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), with the architecture involving clients (browsers) and servers. Lastly, HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) are described, with HTTP being the connectionless protocol for accessing data on the WWW, and FTP being the standard TCP/IP protocol for reliable file transfer between hosts.
Here are 5 key bullet points of the specific topics covered with a brief definition for each:
hosts.txt file method. The discussion then moves to Electronic Mail (E-mail), detailing its architecture, basic functions like composition and transfer, and the message format, including the roles of the header and body within the envelope.Key application layer protocols are also covered. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is presented as the communication guideline for transmitting email over the Internet, outlining its components and working mechanism. The World Wide Web (WWW) is defined as a collection of linked documents and resources identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), with the architecture involving clients (browsers) and servers. Lastly, HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) are described, with HTTP being the connectionless protocol for accessing data on the WWW, and FTP being the standard TCP/IP protocol for reliable file transfer between hosts.
Here are 5 key bullet points of the specific topics covered with a brief definition for each:
- Domain Name System (DNS): An Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses and uses a distributed, hierarchical database.
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): A set of communication guidelines that allow software to transmit electronic mail over the Internet, used for sending messages to other computer users.
- World Wide Web (WWW): A collection of documents and other web resources identified by URLs, interlinked by hypertext links, and accessed by browsers via the Internet.
- HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP): A connectionless and stateless protocol used to access the data on the World Wide Web, capable of transferring data in various forms like hypertext, audio, and video.
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP): A standard internet protocol provided by TCP/IP used for reliably and efficiently transmitting files from one host to another, establishing separate connections for control and data transfer.
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